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The people of WEST VIRGINIA are only half joking when they
call their state the Ireland of the US. Generally poor and almost
entirely rural, it shares a similar history of exploitation
by outside powers, with timber and coalmining companies taking
advantage of the rich natural resources while giving little
in return. But, quite apart from the almost Third World deprivation
which endures in some areas, West Virginia is also, in places
at least, incredibly beautiful, and can boast the longest white-water
rivers and most extensive wilderness areas in the eastern US.
The extreme topography, which has historically isolated its
inhabitants, now makes the state a popular destination for hikers
and outdoors enthusiasts, and the moonshiners of old have been
replaced by ski instructors and mountain-bike guides. Pioneer
settlers started to cross the mountains of western Virginia
in significant numbers during the middle of the seventeenth
century. Farming small plots of land with their own labor, they
came to have ever less in common with the slave-holding plantation
owners of old Virginia, and when the Civil War broke out, the
area declined to secede from the Union. The Supreme Court never
ruled whether West Virginia was legally entitled to declare
itself a state, and Virginia itself has still not officially
recognized the split. West Virginia has, however, developed
a political and economic identity of its own. Around 1900, when
railroads from the east coast first reached into the mountainous
interior, timber companies clear-cut stand after stand of forest,
setting up a succession of mill towns, each dismantled in its
turn when they moved on somewhere new. Cass , now preserved
within the Allegheny National Forest, is one of the few that
was left intact. Later on, coal-mining conglomerates, especially
in the south, perfected the "company town" approach,
wherein workers were paid a little bit less each month than
the amount they owed for their company-provided food and lodging.
Coal companies still exert immense power in West Virginia, but
the real key to the state's future prosperity is tourism, which
in places now accounts for over half its income.
The state's most popular destination, the restored 1850s town
of Harpers Ferry , is barely in West Virginia at all, standing
just across the broad rivers which form its Maryland and Virginia
borders. To the west, the Allegheny Mountains stretch for over
150 miles; more than a million acres of hardwood forest rival
New England for brilliant autumnal color. West Virginia's oldest
and most attractive town, Lewisburg , sits just off I-64 at
the mountains' southern foot, while the capital, Charleston
, lies in the comparatively flat Ohio River valley of the west.
With its many mountains and rivers making straight, flat roads
virtually nonexistent, getting around West Virginia is as much
a part of its attraction as is any specific destination - a
bike and a stout pair of legs, or a motorcycle, would be ideal,
but a car is pretty necessary if you really want to see the
state. Greyhound is basically useless here, and Amtrak, apart
from serving Harpers Ferry from Washington DC, has only one,
albeit spectacular route, running through the New River Gorge
to the capital, Charleston.
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