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NORTH CAROLINA , though the most industrialized of the Southern
states, remains relatively rural and poor, with just six million
people spread over an area larger than England. It suffered
heavily during the Civil War , and Reconstruction brought mixed
fortunes: although poverty and hostility were still endemic
the Democrats, once they regained control in 1870, were effective
in stamping out the Ku Klux Klan. Since then there have been
parallel traditions of radical black, and white racist, activity.
Greensboro , for example, where Jesse Jackson served his political
apprenticeship, was the site of the 1960 lunch-counter sit-in
by black students, and also of the Greensboro Massacre of 1979,
when Klansmen killed five people at a Communist Workers Party
demonstration.
Geographically, North Carolina breaks down into three distinct
areas - running from east to west, the coast, the Piedmont and
the mountains - that help make it one of the more interesting
states to tour around. For visitors, the coast is the most promising
area, with good beaches, beautiful landscapes and a fascinating
history. The inner coast consists largely of the less developed
Albemarle Peninsula , with colonial Edenton nearby. The central
Piedmont is dominated by manufacturing cities, and by the academic
institutions of the prestigious Research Triangle: Raleigh ,
the state capital, is home to North Carolina State University.
Duke University is at Durham , and the University of North Carolina
at trendy Chapel Hill. Winston-Salem combines tobacco culture
and Moravian heritage, while Charlotte bills itself as the next
boom city of the South, though for the moment it's distinguished
by little but its downtown skyscrapers. In the mountains , one
of the most stunning stretches of Appalachia, the only towns
of any size, Boone and Asheville , are linked by the spectacular
Blue Ridge Parkway , while Great Smoky Mountains National Park
overlaps the border with Tennessee.
North Carolina's major airports are at Charlotte, an arrival
point for transatlantic flights, Raleigh-Durham and Wilmington,
all of which will connect you with several major US cities.
A tiny airport at Manteo in the Outer Banks (tel 252/473-2227)
runs charter flights to the barrier islands, but driving would
be easier. Charlotte, Raleigh, Durham and Greensboro (with an
express bus link to Winston-Salem) are served by Amtrak , but
unfortunately there is no coastal route. Plenty of buses run
within the Piedmont; schedules are much less frequent in the
mountains and along the coast, both of which are best explored
by car. North Carolina's interstates are some of the most attractive
in the country, the medians carpeted with poppies and wildflowers.
The state also has a good network of cycling routes along quiet
country roads; for information, contact the Department of Transportation
(tel 919/733-2804).
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