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However much the tourist authorities try to encourage visitors,
the large and rambling state of NEW YORK stands inevitably in
the shadow of America's most celebrated city. The words "New
York" bring to mind soaring skyscrapers and congested streets,
not the 50,000 square miles of rolling dairy farmland, colonial
villages, workaday towns, lakes, waterfalls and towering mountains
that spread north and west from New York City and constitute
upstate New York . Just an hour's drive north of Manhattan,
the valley of the Hudson River , with the moody Catskill Mountains
rising stealthily from the west bank, offers a respite from
the intensity of the city. Much wilder and more rugged are the
peaks of the vast Adirondack Mountains further north - far beyond
the scope of a casual excursion, but holding some of eastern
America's most enticing scenery. To the west, the slender Finger
Lake s and endless miles of dairy farms and vineyards occupy
the central portion of the state. Few of the cities hold much
of interest, but the smaller towns, like Ivy League Ithaca ,
can be quite charming for a day or two, while the venerable
spa town of Saratoga Springs attracts thousands of punters during
the August horse racing season.
In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, as nation-molding
political and military battles were taking place, semi-feudal
Dutch landowning dynasties such as the Van Rensselaers held
sway upstate. Their control over tens of thousands of tenant
farmers was barely affected by the transfer of colonial power
from Holland to Britain, or even by American independence. Only
with the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825, linking New York
City with the Great Lakes, did the interior start to open up;
improved opportunities for trade enabled canal-side cities like
Rochester, Syracuse and especially Buffalo to undergo massive
expansion. On the other hand, this industrial and agricultural
growth in the hinterland served, inevitably, to increase the
financial standing of the Wall Street capitalists. The story
of the past century and a half has been one of New York City's
political and economic domination of New York State, though
Governor George Pataki's popularity has buoyed upstate politicians,
if not fully redressed the imbalance.
From New York City, the Long Island Railroad (leaving from
Penn Station) and Metro North (leaving from Grand Central Station)
shuttle commuters to and from the suburbs of Long Island and
Westchester County respectively. For journeys further north,
Greyhound and Adirondack Trailways buses run to all the major
towns, while Amtrak operates a train service along a beautiful
route through the Hudson Valley to the state capital, Albany
; from there trains continue north to Montréal via the
Adirondacks, and west along the Erie Canal to Buffalo and Niagara
Falls. Many bus and train stations are several miles out from
the town centers; the necessary walking can be unpleasant in
the muggy heat of summer (not to mention the freezing winter).
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