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COLORADO is one of the least geographically homogenous of the
United States, ranging from the flat, endless plains of the
east to the colossal mountains of the west. In the north, Native
Americans hunted and trapped in lush mountain valleys in summer,
and returned to the prairies for the winter; in the south, the
Ancestral Puebloans of Mesa Verde grew corn on their isolated
mesas and shared in the great early civilization of the southwest.
Different parts of what's now Colorado accrued to the US at
different times: the east and north were acquired under the
Louisiana Purchase in 1803, while the south was won 45 years
later in the war with Mexico . (Land grants issued under Mexican
rule were honored by the Americans, which accounts for a still-strong
Hispanic influence.) Gold-hungry Spaniards came through in the
sixteenth century, and US Army Colonel Zebulon Pike ventured
into the mountains on an exploratory expedition in 1806, but
the Native American way of life only became seriously threatened
with the discovery of gold west of Denver in 1858. At that time
Colorado was still part of Kansas Territory; it became a territory
in its own right in 1861, and a state in 1876. The distractions
of the Civil War gave the Native Americans the opportunity to
fight back, but they were soon overwhelmed. From then until
the end of the century, Colorado boomed; the quantities of gold
and silver extracted from the mountains did not really compare
with the riches found in Colorado, but they were sufficient
to fuel a rip-roaring frontier lifestyle. At first, too, absentee
landlords attempted to exploit massive ranches on the plains,
but their disregard for conservation ensured that the droughts
and storms of 1886 and 1887 swept away the topsoil.
For the modern visitor, the obvious first port of call is Denver
, at the eastern edge of the Rockies and the biggest city for
six hundred miles. Outside Denver, the northern half of the
state holds the most popular destinations, starting with the
dynamic college town of Boulder and the spectacular Rocky Mountain
National Park . The majority of the resorts that have made Colorado
the continent's foremost skiing destination snuggle into the
mountains to the west of Denver: Summit County attracts the
most visitors, Vail is considered best for terrain, and Aspen
boasts the glitziest après-ski scene. The far west of
the state stretches onto the red-rock deserts of the Colorado
Plateau. Pikes Peak towers over the enjoyable city of Colorado
Springs , but the rest of the state's southeast quarter is mostly
agricultural plains. To the southwest untouched old mining towns
like Crested Butte and Durango stand in the mountains, while
Mesa Verde National Park preserves perhaps the most impressive
of all the cliff cities left by the ancient Ancestral Puebloan
civilization.
Colorado is also one of the best destinations in the world
for cyclists , hosting numerous on- and off-road championships.
For excellent maps and guides to cycle routes in the state,
contact the State Department of Transportation
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